ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Spinal surgical robots are mainly imported from countries outside China. The overall level of automation is still low. Domestic robot’s core technology still has some difficulties to conquer. Domestic robots are in the ascendant. The cost of spinal surgical robots is too expensive to apply in clinic practice. Our research group has developed Orthobot spinal surgical robot system for spine surgery with Shenzhen Xinjunte Company, which may be of great significance to the development of domestic surgical robots. OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and effectiveness of the application of Orthobot semi-automatic spine surgery robot system in spine surgery in swine lumbar experimental model by analyzing its feasibility so as to optimize surgical procedures. METHODS: Totally 12 swine lumbar samples (L1-L6) were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the experimental group (6 cases), pedicle screw path was planned under the three-dimensional CT data after matching the pre-operative CT images and intra-operative C-arm film. Orthobot spinal surgical robot system was used to locate the pedicle start point automatically and to drill a hole with Kirschner wire into the pedicle. Pedicle screw path was prepared through the Kirschner wire. In the control group (6 cases), X-ray perspective data of C-arm machine during operation were directly used, and the screw path was planned under the two-dimensional X-ray data. The surgical planning time, Kirschner wire implantation time, X-ray exposure time, and total operation time were recorded for further analysis. The accuracy and the excellent and good rate of pedicle screw implantation were evaluated by CT scan according to Abul-Kasimhierarchy grading system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The planning time and the total operation time of single pedicle screw path preparation were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P 0.05). (2) Post-operation CT evaluation showed that the excellent and good rate of pedicle screw path preparation was significantly better in the experimental group 96.7% (58/60) than in the control group 85.0% (51/60) (P < 0.05). (3) Results suggested that compared with intraoperative C-arm, the application of Orthobot semi-automatic spine surgery robot system combined with preoperative CT and intraoperative C-arm has high accuracy, safeness and effectiveness. However, the registration and matching time of the system is increased and the total operation time is long.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the significance of digital orthopedic technology in surgical plan for spinal tumor and the preliminary outcomes of 3D printed vertebral bodies in spinal tumor surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 2 patients were retrospectively analyzed who had had a 3D printed vertebral body implanted at Center of Orthopaedics, Shenzhen Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019. One was a 32-year-old male, diagnosed with cervical neurinoma; the other was a 27-year-old female, diagnosed with giant cell tumor of lumbar bone. 3D virtual reconstruction of tumor and surrounding structures was established via Mimics software for surgical plan. Virtual osteotomy was simulated, their disease models and guide templates were 3D printed, and their metal artificial vertebral bodies were 3D printed after personalized design of the vertebral body diameter, porosity and procedures of reconstruction and fixation. Lesion resection and prosthesis implantation were carried out in accordance with the preoperative plan. After operation, the motor function of cervical or lumbar vertebrae, tumor recurrence, and spinal stability reconstructed were regularly observed.Results:Resections and reconstructions went uneventfully in both cases. The 2 patients were followed up for 21 and 13 months respectively. Their postoperative images showed that their 3D printed vertebral bodies fitted the neighboring vertebral bodies well. The spinal stability was reconstructed without any loosening or periprosthetic osteolysis, and the tumors were removed completely with no recurrence in both cases. Their spinal motor function was satisfactory.Conclusions:Digital orthopedic technology can offer accurate guidance in the treatment of spinal tumors. It is necessary to consider local physiological anatomy in personalized design of a metal vertebral body 3D printed. Clinical application of 3D printed metal vertebral bodies is a new strategy for spinal reconstruction following spinal tumor resection.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To investigate the role of Rho-associated kinase ( ROCK) inhibitor fasudil in the formation of rabbit urethral stricture after injury and to observe the cell activity , migration and extracellular matrix synthesis in the rabbit urethra fibroblasts.METHODS:The rabbit model of urethral stricture was established by microsurgical techniques .The rabbits were divided into sham operation group , operation group and fasudil (3 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg) groups.The diameter of the stenosis was measured by retrograde urethrography 3 months after surgery .The fibroblasts were isolated from urethral scar, and then incubated with fasudil (12.5 μmol/L, 25 μmol/L, 50 μmol/L) in the presence of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1, 10 μg/L).The untreated cells were used for control .The cell activity was measured by MTT assay.The cell migration ability was tested by the method of Transwell chambers .The protein expression of ROCK , α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) , collagen I and collagen III was determined by Western blot analysis .RESULTS:Fasudil significantly reduced formation of urethral stricture after injury (P<0.05).Cultured rabbit fibroblasts with different con-centrations of fasudil inhibited the cell activity and cell migration ability (P<0.05).The protein expression of ROCK,α-SMA, collagen I and collagen III was also inhibited by treatment with fasudil in a dose -dependent manner ( P<0.05 ) . CONCLUSION:Fasudil inhibits the formation of extracellular matrix and reduces the incidence of urethral stricture after injury by down-regulating TGF-β1-induced Rho/ROCK pathway activation in the rabbit urethra fibroblasts .